Benefits of Creatine Supplementation: Reasons To Add It to Your Regimen

Creatine has been a popular supplement for athletes looking to enhance performance and increase muscle mass, but more recently other proactive groups have taken notice. Biohackers, for example, see it as an aid in their quest to optimize well-being and extend their healthspan, while geroscientists that study the mechanisms of aging have identified creatine as a possible intervention to delay, treat or prevent age-related diseases.

A naturally occurring compound, creatine helps provide a steady energy supply to skeletal muscles, enabling them to contract and flex. It is also a vital contributor to numerous processes in the body. According to Jon Nakasone, owner of Aloha Personal Training, in Honolulu, three amino acids—arginine, glycine and methionine—collaborate to facilitate the body’s production of creatine, which in turn plays a pivotal role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy-carrying molecule in cells.

Most of the body’s biological processes rely on ATP for the conversion of glucose within cells. Nakasone also notes that creatine’s arginine is a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide, a molecule that can improve blood flow, which is especially important for men’s sexual function, as well as nutrient delivery to muscles.

 

Physical Benefits

Approximately 95 percent of the body’s creatine is found in skeletal muscle as phosphocreatine, where it serves as a rapid energy source during high-intensity activities. While naturally produced by the body, creatine is also consumed as a dietary supplement to enhance athletic performance. Since the 1990s, some individuals have reported positive fitness gains when using creatine supplements.

A 2023 systematic review and meta-analysis published in Nutrients indicates that creatine supplementation combined with resistance training can significantly improve upper and lower-body muscle strength in healthy, middle-aged adults, compared with resistance training alone. Nakasone and his team propose a holistic approach to fitness, emphasizing exercise, a healthy diet and quality sleep. However, they assert that creatine can provide additional benefits, especially for men seeking to enhance muscle size, power output and recovery.

According to an article by Dr. Howard E. LeWine, chief medical editor at Harvard Health, there is evidence that creatine supplementation, when combined with a proper diet that includes adequate protein intake, can accelerate muscle recovery after strenuous exercise.

 

Other Benefits

Creatine is one of the most widely researched supplements, and findings suggest that it may help to protect against oxidative stress and balance cellular energy in other parts of the body, including the heart and brain. Research published last year in the journal Nutrients underscores the benefits of creatine monohydrate in mitigating neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s, as well as sarcopenia, a muscle-wasting condition prevalent in older individuals. Creatine also shows promise in addressing chronic fatigue syndrome, mild traumatic brain injury, cardiovascular disease and long COVID.

A systematic study published last year in Frontiers in Nutrition shows that creatine monohydrate supplementation can enhance memory, information processing speed and attention span in adults. Cases of osteoporosis and frailty have also shown improvement, especially when creatine intake is combined with resistance training.

 

Tips and Precautions

For optimal fitness outcomes, creatine powder is preferred due to its notable stability compared with other forms such as liquid and ethyl ester, which tend to be less effective and prone to breakdown before adequate utilization. Regarding dosage, Nakasone recommends starting with three grams a day, and, if it is tolerated well, gradually increasing it to five grams for a greater effect, if desired. However, he cautions against exceeding this dosage limit.

The Mayo Clinic endorses the safety of creatine when used as prescribed and suggests its use for up to five years by healthy individuals, noting that it does not appear to cause kidney damage in individuals with healthy kidney function. Potential interactions include a reduction in creatine’s efficacy when combined with caffeine. Creatine supplementation with 300 milligrams of caffeine or greater may hasten the progression of Parkinson’s Disease. The Cleveland Clinic advises anyone with chronic kidney disease and other kidney-related problems to avoid taking creatine.

Research published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition in 2021 dispels common misconceptions regarding the side effects of creatine, including testosterone increase and hair loss. Nevertheless, some people report mild water retention for the first week when the supplement is first introduced into their regimen.

 

Zak Logan is a freelance health writer dedicated to holistic living and getting back to basics.

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